Bioeconomy in Africa and in the EU: A comparative analysis of African and European bioeconomy strategies

The concept of the bioeconomy originated in OECD countries and has predominantly been shaped by technology-driven narratives that prioritize innovation and economic growth. Existing research has largely focused on Europe and North America, leaving other regions, particularly in the Global South, underexplored. This paper investigates whether bioeconomy policies in selected African countries reflect diffusion from dominant European models or offer divergent approaches. Using a comparative case study design, the analysis examines bioeconomy strategies at both regional (EU and East African Community) and national levels (Germany, Finland, and South Africa). Drawing on discourse analysis, the study reconstructs the political narratives embedded in the respective strategies. Findings suggest limited evidence of strong policy diffusion. While all cases emphasize bio-based economic growth potential, strategic priorities diverge significantly due to differing socio-economic contexts, historical path dependencies, and resource endowments. The results point to a form of unilateral policy shopping, where selected elements are voluntarily adapted to local conditions. These insights underscore the importance of fostering mutual, context-sensitive learning between countries, particularly in light of the global challenges that bioeconomy strategies aim to address.