Fractional-order approach to modeling and parameter study of leukemia using the laplace-adomian decomposition method

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that originates in the bone marrow. The model incorporates susceptible blood cells S 1 ( t ) , infected blood cells I 1 ( t ) , cancer cells C 1 ( t ) , immune blood cells W 1 ( t ) and cytokine C 2 ( t ) . Analytical solutions are obtained using the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM), while numerical approximations are computed using the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method. The convergence of the solutions is shown through graphs using selected parameter values. The results from both methods are very close, which confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach. When the fractional parameter is α = 0.20 , the fractional-order model shows better accuracy and stability than the traditional integer-order model. These results emphasize the importance of fractional-order approaches in improving the mathematical understanding of leukemia progression and underline the urgent need for expanded global access to immunotherapy as a potentially life-saving treatment.