Using phylogenetic relationships to assess conservation priorities for birds in India

Abstract In the midst of the ongoing biodiversity crisis, setting conservation priorities has moved beyond the conventional approaches. The need to incorporate phylogeny-based metrics that capture evolutionary rarity with extinction risk for prioritization of global conservation efforts has been widely recognized. Such metrics are even more important in megadiverse countries of the Global South, where conservation spending is limited despite high conservation value. Here, we reassess global avian threatened evolutionary history with an updated phylogeny, using the EDGE metric. The EDGE metric or score combines evolutionary distinctiveness of a species with its extinction risk. We focus on India to identify species and regions that represent high avian EDGE scores. We find that the Bengal Florican ( Houbaropsis bengalensis ) had the highest median EDGE score of 18.83 MY (millions of years). To identify spatial conservation priorities, we mapped avian EDGE scores at a 10 km x 10 km scale. Northeastern India is exceptional in its richness of evolutionary unique and threatened species. We also scored IBAs and PAs, finding that IBA, as well as PA, with the maximum EDGE score, was Intaki or Ntangki National Park in Nagaland, accumulating ∼250 MY of threatened evolutionary history in India. Habitats of the top 5% of EDGE species in India are currently not adequately protected. Our study offers a preliminary basis for a quantitatively informed and phylogeny-driven conservation prioritization approach for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to safeguard threatened evolutionary history of birds in India.