MOFs@aerogel composite materials for air pollutant control: Preparation strategies, interfacial synergistic mechanisms and governance applications

Greenhouse gas emissions are exacerbating global climate change, while excessive air pollutants also pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Innovative breakthroughs in environmental functional materials are urgently needed for the efficient management of gaseous pollutants, and the composite strategy of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and aerogels provides an important direction for the development of advanced environmental materials by integrating the high specific surface area and tunable active sites of MOFs with the three-dimensional mass-transfer network of aerogels. In this paper, the construction strategy of MOFs@aerogel composite system and the optimization mechanism are systematically reviewed, focusing on the analysis of the material properties and composite effects. Theoretical calculations and free radical characterization have clarified the collaborative mechanism of material interfaces, while component evolution and stability analysis have revealed the prospects of composite materials in practical environmental governance applications. In the field of gas treatment, the composite material mainly presents three types of application directions: firstly, adsorption-oriented applications (e.g., adsorption trapping of CO 2 ); secondly, catalytic-oriented applications (e.g., catalytic reduction of NO x ); and thirdly, synergistic adsorption and catalytic application (e.g., VOCs degradation). By analyzing the material properties, common gas pollutant management scenarios, and quantitative performance comparisons of the materials. It is found that the synergistic effect of composites can significantly enhance the CO 2 adsorption capacity, NO x catalytic activity and VOCs degradation efficiency. However, the unknown interfacial mechanism, insufficient dynamic stability and high scale-up cost are still the bottlenecks. In the future, it is necessary to combine the development of low-carbon processes and breakthroughs in in situ characterization technology to promote the transformation of this system from laboratory research to industrial applications.