A panoramic study of circulating tumor DNA in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a frequently encountered aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterized by significant clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Owing to inherent limitations of traditional treatments for DLBCL, the advent of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection, coupled with the integration of multi-omics technologies, has brought about substantial advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This review elaborates on the evolution of ctDNA detection and multi-omics integration, its applications in early diagnosis, prognostic model construction, and treatment decision-making, as well as drug resistance mechanisms, highlighting that ctDNA is a powerful tool but faces technical, biological, and clinical implementation barriers that need to be overcome for wider clinical use.