Spatio-temporal patterns and driving factors of ecosystem production value in Southwest China based on GIS and remote sensing (2000–2020)

The Southwestern region of China is rich in natural resources, and Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) has enormous analytical value. However, the quantitative analysis of its value still has problems of low efficiency and one-sidedness. To improve the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the evaluation, This study focuses on the provinces of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou in China, and constructs an indicator system for calculating the GEP. At the same time, the system calculated the total ecosystem productivity through geographic information systems and remote sensing technology, and analyzed the driving factors and spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem productivity over the past 20 years. The results showed that the total GEP increased from 1.35×10 12 CNY to 2.30×10 12 CNY, with cultural service value growing the fastest. Its carbon fixation consistently accounted for over 35% of regulatory services. Geographical detector analysis indicated that elevation was the dominant natural driver (explanatory power q =38.55%). The paper offers a scientific basis for optimizing ecological compensation policies and national spatial planning in the southwest region.