Evaluating pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in mothers with genetic disease using electronic health care records

PURPOSE: The effect of Mendelian disorders on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes is poorly understood because of their rarity and the challenge of compiling complete prenatal and postnatal records. METHODS: Using electronic health records from a single academic center, we developed a retrospective cohort of maternal-infant dyads. Cases were mothers with molecularly confirmed Mendelian disorders paired with live-born infants; controls had no documented genetic disease. Outcomes were evaluated overall, by organ system, and by individual disorder. RESULTS: The cohort included 58,912 dyads, 241 with genetic diagnoses and 58,671 controls. Although overall outcomes were generally favorable, mothers with genetic disorders had higher rates of cesarean delivery and neonatal intensive care unit admission, earlier gestational age, and lower Apgar scores. Neonatal risks were greatest among neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Known associations were replicated, including increased neonatal intensive care unit admission in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, cesarean delivery in Turner syndrome, and gestational diabetes in cystic fibrosis. We also provided descriptive electronic-health-record-based case reports and case series for 35 disorders previously lacking published pregnancy outcome data. CONCLUSION: This study identifies elevated perinatal risks in specific Mendelian disease groups and demonstrates how electronic-health-record-linked data can support prenatal counseling, risk stratification, and individualized care for individuals with genetic disorders.