Barriers and facilitators to healthcare access for migrants in Morocco: A narrative review

Background: International migration has increased significantly in recent decades, creating major challenges for health systems, particularly in transit and destination countries such as Morocco. Migrants, often living in precarious socio-economic conditions, face multiple obstacles to healthcare access, which heightens their vulnerability. This narrative review aims to identify the main barriers and facilitators to healthcare access for migrants in Morocco, using Levesque's conceptual framework. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as in institutional sources (WHO, IOM, UNHCR, HCP). Relevant publications published between 2013 and 2025 in French or English were critically reviewed. The analysis was structured according to the five dimensions of Levesque's framework: accessibility, acceptability, availability, affordability and appropriateness. Results: Twenty-two publications were included. Findings reveal that migrants in Morocco face economic, geographical, linguistic, sociocultural, administrative and structural barriers. Financial constraints, lack of health coverage, and regional disparities are among the most significant obstacles. However, several facilitators were also identified, including NGO initiatives, community-based support, and inclusive public policies. Conclusion: Migrant access to healthcare in Morocco remains shaped by complex and multidimensional challenges. Despite notable progress, greater coordination, sustainability, and cultural sensitivity are required to ensure equitable and universal access to healthcare for all migrants, regardless of legal or economic status.