Porous materials for photo-enzyme-coupled catalysis: Bridging the gap between light-driven and enzymatic process

Porous materials bridge the gap between light-driven and enzymatic process in photo-enzyme-coupled catalytic systems (PECS), which integrate the energy conversion of photocatalysis with the high selectivity of enzymatic catalysis for sustainable biomanufacturing and environmental remediation. While various reviews have extensively covered the general principles and applications of PECS, the critical role of porous materials in facilitating efficient PECS has remained unexplored. This review firstly outlines recent advances in porous material-enabled PECS, highlighting their unique advantages, underlying catalytic mechanisms, and practical applications. Key porous materials such as COFs, MOFs, g-C 3 N 4 and metal oxides are discussed in terms of design and catalytic performance. Furthermore, this review discusses compatibility enhancement strategies for PECS, including spatial separation, immobilization, and bioinspired interface strategies. Finally, future research directions are proposed to optimize porous materials, aiming to guide rational design of high-performance PECS for advanced sustainable biotechnology. This review uniquely focuses on the critical yet underexplored role of porous materials in bridging photocatalytic and enzymatic processes within photo-enzyme-coupled systems (PECS). It highlights their unique advantages, catalytic mechanisms, and practical applications, while also discussing strategies to enhance compatibility within these systems.