Sustainable management strategies for mangrove ecotourism: An integrated multi-stakeholder approach in Karangsong Village, Indonesia

Karangsong Mangrove Ecotourism in Indramayu, Indonesia, has faced post-pandemic degradation of land, facilities, and attractions, resulting in reduced tourist interest and weakened community benefits. This study aimed to (1) assess the ecological condition of the mangrove ecosystem, (2) evaluate the social, economic, and institutional dimensions of mangrove ecotourism management, (3) determine the sustainability status of the ecotourism area, and (4) formulate priority strategies for sustainable mangrove ecotourism management through an integrated multi-stakeholder approach. Ecological assessments included analyses of species composition, density, importance value index, and carbon stocks. Social, economic, and institutional dimensions were examined through structured questionnaires and expert consultations. Sustainability status was analyzed using a multidimensional scaling approach, while priority management strategies were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results showed that five mangrove species were present, with Avicennia marina dominating across stations. Total biomass was 590.06 ton/ha, with a carbon stock of 2773.29 ton-C/ha, underscoring the ecological importance of these ecosystems. However, all four sustainability dimensions were classified as less sustainable, with ecological suitability, visitor interest, management planning, and institutional coordination identified as the most sensitive leverage attributes. The most critical strategy recommended is the development of infrastructure and attractions, supported by effective promotion, spatial planning, and multi-stakeholder coordination. These findings provide an integrated framework for strengthening ecological resilience, enhancing local livelihoods, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of community-based mangrove ecotourism. • Assessed mangrove ecotourism sustainability across four dimensions. • Identified ecological, economic, social, and institutional weaknesses. • Applied RAPMForest-MDS and AHP to determine strategic priorities. • Infrastructure and attraction development emerged as top strategy. • Results guide policy for sustainable community-based mangrove ecotourism.