Smart textiles for pollutant gas sensor and capture: Advancement and future perspective

• Personalized, real-time gas sensing/capture replaces bulky stationary systems. • Analyzes chemiresistive and optical sensing principles and breakthroughs. • Details pollutant removal via MOFs, adsorption, and catalytic conversion. • Reviews key fabrication methods: inkjet printing, electrospinning, in-situ growth. • Future hinges on durability, flexible power, and sustainable textile design. The burgeoning field of smart textiles for pollutant gas sensing and capture is poised to revolutionize personal safety and environmental monitoring, offering a crucial alternative to bulky, stationary systems by providing personalized, real-time data. This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest advancements across the entire technology spectrum, starting with fundamental sensing principles. We analyze the mechanisms, materials, and recent breakthroughs in chemiresistive sensing (leveraging materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes for high-sensitivity electronic response) and optical/colorimetric sensing (providing visible, quantifiable feedback). Furthermore, we detail the active pollutant removal capabilities, encompassing adsorption such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for high-capacity capture), absorption, and catalytic conversion (for proactive pollutant neutralization). The review highlights the role of innovative nanomaterials and the scalability of key fabrication methods, including inkjet, screen printing, electrospinning, and in-situ growth. These technologies underpin promising applications in personal protective equipment, indoor air quality monitoring, environmental protection, and medical diagnostics. Ultimately, while smart textiles hold immense potential, their widespread integration hinges on overcoming critical challenges in ensuring long-term durability, developing flexible and efficient power solutions, and prioritizing sustainable, eco-friendly design.