Configurations for green innovation: Assessing the impact of supply, demand, and institutional factors in domestic and exporting companies

This study examines how domestic and exporting companies differ in the factors that promote the implementation of green innovation strategies. Employing fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the results reveal five configurations for domestic firms and nine for exporting firms as conditions for implementing green innovation strategies. Internal R&D and quality products consistently emerge as core conditions, while several conditions, such as external R&D, R&D cooperation, technology development, market share, or public financial support are considered enablers of green innovation in most configurations but are also absent in specific causal configurations. This suggests that their influence is contingent on context and their interaction with other factors, rather than on their standalone effect. These findings confirm the configurational nature of ecological conditions and extend both the Resource-Based View and the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) by explaining how these condition bundles differ between domestic and exporting firms.