A survey of OAM-encoded high-dimensional quantum key distribution: Foundations, experiments, and recent trends
Abstract
High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) enhances information efficiency and noise tolerance by encoding data in large Hilbert spaces. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a scalable basis for such encoding and supports high-dimensional photonic communication. Practical OAM-based implementations remain constrained by challenges in state generation, transmission, and detection. This survey offers a consolidated overview of OAM-encoded HD-QKD, outlining fundamental principles, representative experiments, and system-level limitations. Recent progress in hybrid encodings, mode sorting, adaptive optics, and TF, CV, MDI, and DI frameworks is summarized with emphasis on practical feasibility.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Quantum Information and Cryptography
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Publication details
- Journal / source
- ICT Express
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 773–788
- Publication date
- 19 May 2026
- Language
- EN