Nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Iran: A new case and review of human myiasis in the country

Chrysomya bezziana can potentially cause myiasis, a condition in which fly larvae infest living tissue in humans and animals. Contributing factors to this rare ailment include poor oral hygiene, alcohol abuse, and infected wounds. Hospital-acquired myiasis, a rare type of myiasis, occurs in patients following hospital admission. Herein, we report a case of C. bezziana oral myiasis in an 89-year-old female patient hospitalized in northeastern Iran. In this article, we also present an updated review of reported human myiasis cases in Iran up to 2025. According to our findings, C. bezziana has been responsible for 13 documented cases of myiasis in Iran. Most nosocomial myiasis cases in the country are related to pharyngeal and nasal infestations and are primarily observed in ICU patients.