Cross-Cultural Validation of the Brazilian-Portuguese Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affect oral health-related quality of life, but no specific instruments validated in Brazilian Portuguese are currently available. OBJECTIVES: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP-TMD) into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The original English version of the OHIP-TMD was translated and back-translated to produce the Brazilian version (OHIP-TMD-Br). Content validity was assessed by a panel of five TMD specialists, followed by pretesting in a sample of patients with TMD. The validation process included 72 patients with TMD and 72 control participants without TMD, classified using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index and diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Both the OHIP-14 and OHIP-TMD-Br were administered twice, with a 2-week interval between administrations. Reliability testing (test-retest) was conducted in a separate sample (n = 15). Psychometric properties were assessed through internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). RESULTS: The mean age of TMD patients was 31.4 years, while the control group had a mean age of 28.3 years. Among TMD patients, 80.6% were female. The OHIP-TMD-Br showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.99). CONCLUSION: The OHIP-TMD-Br is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking populations.