Heart failure etiology and lipoprotein subfractions: Insight from the SMARTEX-HF study

Background We investigated the relationship between heart failure etiology and lipoprotein subfractions, and to explore their associations with left ventricular dimension and function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. Methods Cross-sectional investigation of serum lipoprotein subfractions from 205 HFrEF patients in the SMARTEX heart failure study. Serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, lipoproteins (Apolipoproteins; A-1, A-2, and B), very-low-density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL), low-density (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined using 1 H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Results Stable HFrEF patients [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, NYHA class II-III], with ischemic (ICM, n = 119) or non-ischemic (NICM, n = 86) cardiomyopathy were studied. NICM patients had higher levels of 48 lipoproteins compared to ICM patients, including 29 LDL, 13 VLDL, and 6 HDL subfractions [p