Enhancing resilience of expressway microgrids via network reconfiguration and electric operation-maintenance vehicles

• An FSM-based online decision-making model was proposed for EOMV operational states. • The FSM model decouples the transit, connection, and idle states of EOMVs. • A post-disaster emergency dispatch model was established for expressway MG clusters. • Simulation results validate the effectiveness of proposed model for MG resilient operation. Extreme disasters can severely compromise the secure and reliable operation of distribution-level power supply systems, particularly for expressway microgrid clusters characterized by dispersed loads and limited local support. To enhance the post-disaster resilience of such systems, this study proposes a coordinated strategy integrating dynamic network reconfiguration and the operational flexibility of electric operation-maintenance vehicles (EOMVs). First, a finite state machine (FSM)-based online decision-making approach is developed to determine EOMV transit, connection, and idle states under post-disaster conditions. Subsequently, considering distribution network (DN) power flow constraints, network reconfiguration, battery swapping demands at battery swapping stations (BSSs), and EOMV position–energy coupling, a post-disaster emergency dispatch model for expressway microgrid (MG) clusters is proposed. By coordinating distributed generation, DN reconfiguration, and EOMV dispatch, the proposed model minimizes load shedding and optimizes real-time vehicle routing, battery charging/discharging, and battery transfers. Simulation results demonstrate that the coordinated dispatch of mobile energy resources and dynamic network reconfiguration effectively enhances energy sharing among MG clusters, providing a scalable and practical solution for post-disaster distribution system resilience enhancement.