Smart assessment of the unified power system efficiency in the context of smart grid: an ideal point–based multi-criteria method

• Proposes a parameter-convolution method integrating supply volume, quality, and efficiency. • Uses an ideal-point distance (L1) to yield an interpretable, robust UPS efficiency indicator. • Detects real deficits/surpluses and frequency deviations on a daily schedule (±2.1–2.9%). • Interval I shows a 5.162 MVA·h deficit requiring 10% borrowing—evidence of economic inefficiency. • Provides policy-ready signals to target demand response, voltage control, and Smart Grid upgrades. This article proposes a unified approach for assessing the operational efficiency of a Unified Power System (UPS) within the evolving Smart Grid environment. The method is based on an ideal-point evaluation framework that integrates the analysis of electricity supply volume, quality, and efficiency into a single generalized performance criterion. Instead of the previously used parameter convolution, the study employs a weighted L 1 norm–based distance to the ideal point, ensuring mathematical rigor and comparability with modern multi-criteria optimization techniques. The approach enables a comprehensive assessment of key performance indicators, including supply reliability, voltage stability, and consumption efficiency. The paper also provides numerical examples that illustrate the applicability of the proposed model and demonstrate its sensitivity to system-level parameters. The results confirm that the developed method can support decision-making for enhancing UPS operational efficiency and guiding Smart Grid modernization toward sustainable and resilient energy development.