Control strategies, schemes, and architectures applied to distribution networks with integration of distributed energy resources

• Multilevel and data-driven frameworks enhance grid control and resilience. • Data-driven control dominates research; hybrid models are essential for load flow. • Control role shift needed: DER penetration redefines hierarchical duties. • Standardized metrics for control strategies enable fair performance assessment. • Cybersecurity and digital twin testing are critical for control architecture design. Recent control strategies for power distribution networks increasingly incorporate schemes based on distributed energy resources, prompting questions regarding their roles and impacts within control frameworks. There is a growing need to evaluate the performance of control strategies employing various schemes. Additionally, the potential influence of external factors, such as weather conditions and customer behavior, on the operation of these schemes and overall network performance warrants careful consideration. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of current control strategies, emphasizing the effects of simultaneous operation of diverse resources and external factors, including weather variability and consumer behavior, on grid performance. The methodology includes systematic categorization of control schemes and multi-level architectures, as well as an examination of emerging data-driven and stochastic modeling approaches. The findings indicate that decentralized control provides the agility required for modern grids, although its effectiveness depends on addressing practical challenges such as communication delays and data quality concerns. The review concludes that advancing control strategies will require not only improved algorithms but also standardized metrics and robust cyber-physical security measures to address the complexity of sustainable energy systems.