Numerical simulation of chemically reacted hybrid nanofluid Forchheimer flow across a porous cone/wedge with radiation absorption

The present study provides a numerical exploration of steady, laminar, two-dimensional Forchheimer flow involving a chemically reacted Al 2 O 3 − Cu / H 2 O hybrid nanofluid over vertically oriented porous wedge and cone geometries with non-isothermal and non-isosolutal constraints, incorporating the influence of radiation absorption and the thermal Grashof number. The set of non-linear ODEs is derived from the set of non-linear PDEs by employing similarity transformations. Numerical solutions are obtained using the bvp5c method implemented in MATLAB. The influence of key parameters on the flowing fields, along with heat and mass transmission rates, is analysed and presented through graphical and tabular formats. The results indicate that the velocity profile rises with an increase in the thermal Grashof number, whereas it declines with greater values of the Forchheimer number and porosity parameter. The temperature profile shows an upward tendency with increasing Forchheimer number, porosity and radiation absorption, while it decreases as thermal Grashof number intensifies. The concentration decreases with higher thermal Grashof number and chemical reaction, but increases with greater Forchheimer number. These effects are more pronounced in the wedge configuration than in the cone. Furthermore, the heat and mass transmission rates influenced by the key parameters are systematically summarized in tables. The analysis illustrates the skin friction coefficient increases by 24% and 34% as the thermal Grashof number rises from 1 to 4, and decreases by 12% and 16% with increasing Forchheimer number and porosity parameter (0.1 to 1) in the cone and wedge respectively. The Nusselt number decreases by 74% for the cone and 8% for the wedge as radiation absorption increases from 1 to 1.3, while the Sherwood number increases by 10% and 11% as the chemical reaction parameter rises from 0.5 to 0.8 in the cone and wedge respectively. The accuracy of the proposed model has been thoroughly validated against existing literature, showing strong consistency with earlier findings.