Mapping the evolution of passive thermal control in spacecraft: A bibliometric analysis

Thermal control is essential for spacecraft operation, ensuring functionality in extreme space environments. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on spacecraft thermal control from 2010 to 2025. A total of 293 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database with an emphasis on passive thermal control technologies. A detailed examination of publication trends, key contributors, influential authors, keyword dynamics, and highly cited documents was presented. The findings showed a fluctuation in publications, peaking in 2022, with the United States, China, and Canada leading in citations. Conference papers accounted for 57% of the publications, highlighting the accelerated pace of knowledge in this field. Acta Astronautica has received 473 citations, whereas Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells have 367 citations. Notably, advanced radiator technologies, especially adaptive radiator solutions, dominate highly cited documents, indicating a shift toward innovative thermal management approaches. This trend highlights a growing focus on thermal control solutions for limited radiator space and extreme temperature fluctuations, enabling longer, more complex missions. This study provides foundational insights into research trajectories and emerging priorities in passive spacecraft thermal control, guiding future advancements to enhance resilience in diverse and challenging environments. Future research is expected to focus on optimizing the performance of variable-emissivity radiators and validating these technologies through flight demonstrations to gain heritage and increase their technology readiness level.