Education for sustainability in UNESCO Global Geoparks: Findings from a systematic literature review

UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) are defined as single, cohesive geographic areas that feature landscapes and sites of global geological significance, managed through an integrated approach that emphasizes protection, education, research, and sustainable development. Given the increased interest in expanding the program, this study aims to explore the link between educational programs and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks. Through a review of relevant literature, it examines the activities, methods, and strategies used in these programs. The research emphasizes how such initiatives support sustainable development and provide new perspectives on educational tourism. To accomplish this, a systematic literature review was conducted to analyze relevant publications collected from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2023. The review emphasizes UNESCO Global Geoparks' potential to advance sustainable practices through experiential learning and interdisciplinary approaches. The main challenges identified are: i) balancing conservation with development, ii) strengthening educational infrastructure, and iii) increasing local engagement in educational initiatives. Recommendations for future development emphasize modernizing geoeducation techniques and adapting approaches to meet the diverse needs of learners. This review makes a significant contribution to understanding the dynamic and expanding role of UNESCO Global Geoparks in advancing education and sustainable development. It offers crucial insights and actionable guidance for researchers, educators, and policymakers, paving the way for impactful strategies and innovations within these fields.