Technological advancement towards developing perovskite-based solar and tandem devices for the applications of renewable energy harvesting and energy transformation

Pursuing-sustainable-development and green-initiatives underscores the critical-need for enhanced-solar-energy-utilization. Perovskite-solar-cells (PSCs), renowned for their exceptional-optoelectrical-properties, are emerging as a prime-candidate for next-generation-solar-energy-harvesting-technologies. Despite-their-potential, achieving-high power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) and stability in PSC production presents significant-challenges. This-review comprehensively-examines the latest-strategies for developing-high-performance PSCs. It begins with a focus-on-methods for improving-lead-based PSCs, which have-reached PCEs over 26.5% (PCEs of >16% for >890 cm 2 of perovskite-solar-modules (PSMs)) and stability beyond-six-months. These-methods span various-techniques such as additive-integration, interface-management, electron-and-hole transport-layer-optimization, defect and grain-engineering, passivation, and ion-migration control. The review also explores adaptations to environmental-conditions, innovative-electrode-designs, and structural-innovations in materials like Dion-Jacobson and hybrid-perovskites. Furthermore, the review delves into tandem-solar-cells (TSCs), covering all-perovskite, perovskite-organic, and perovskite-silicon configurations, all noted for their high efficiency and stability. Enhancement-strategies for TSCs focus on defect-passivation, reduction of interface-defects, mitigation of non-radiative recombination, and enhanced charge-carrier-management. It also details techniques-for-optimizing-subcells with narrow and wide-band-gaps and developing-effective-recombination-layers or conductive-interlayers to maximize overall-device-performance.