Translational insights into insect vector resistance and arbovirus transmission: bridging vector biology with human clinical risk

Background Arboviral diseases including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever are expanding globally, driven by interacting factors such as vector adaptation, insecticide resistance, climate change, microbial symbioses, and environmental change. Integrated understanding of these drivers remains limited. Methods This narrative review synthesized literature on mosquito insecticide resistance, arbovirus transmission dynamics, environmental influences on vector ecology, microbiome effects on vector competence, and emerging surveillance and risk prediction tools. Studies from major databases were analyzed to identify key themes, consensus findings, and gaps, and organized within a translational framework linking vector biology to public health. Results Evidence shows that climate change, urbanization, and environmental modification are expanding mosquito habitats and altering transmission patterns. Insecticide resistance, driven by genetic, metabolic, and behavioral mechanisms, threatens current control strategies. Vector–pathogen interactions and mosquito microbiota, including Wolbachia , significantly influence transmission potential. Advances in geospatial modeling, machine learning, and digital surveillance enhance outbreak prediction and targeted interventions. Overall, arboviral risk reflects interconnected biological and environmental processes. Conclusions Effective control requires shifting from insecticide-centered approaches toward integrated, sustainable, multidisciplinary strategies. Combining molecular biology, ecology, climate science, epidemiology, and predictive analytics can improve surveillance and preparedness for emerging vector-borne diseases.