RETRACTED: Analysis of HIV, HCV, and TP infections and associated factors among people who use drugs from 2022 to 2024 in Qingdao, China

Background People who use drugs (PWUD) are a key population at increased risk of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP) infections. Qingdao is actively promoting an integrated multi-disease prevention and control strategy. This study aims to provide a reference basis for precision prevention and control strategies. Methods This study was based on the sentinel surveillance data in Qingdao from 2022 to 2024. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with HIV, HCV, and TP infection status. Antibody-positive cases were combined as a subset of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs), and a comprehensive analysis was applied to use both LASSO and logistic regression. Results A total of 2,421 participants were included in this study. The seroprevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and TP were 0.45%, 1.28%, and 3.68%, respectively. A potential association was observed between receiving peer education in the past year and HIV antibody testing ( P