Advances in research on the complement system and cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and mortality rates. The complement system plays a key role in the underlying pathological mechanisms. To explore potential strategies for ameliorating and preventing cognitive impairment through targeted therapies involving the complement system, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the complement system and neuroinflammation, as well as its role in the development of cognitive dysfunction. In recent years, the mechanisms involving the complement system and its targeted treatments have become a major focus of research. This review provides an overview of the physiological functions of the complement system, its association with to neuroinflammation, the mechanisms by which it contributes to cognitive impairment, and the potential applications of complement inhibitors in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.