Neuroendoscope-assisted peripheral nerve decompression for refractory chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A case report and literature review

• Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can become severe and drug-refractory, significantly impairing patient function. • Surgical peripheral neurolysis may benefit select patients with localized, refractory CIPN. • A case of severe CIPN after gastric cancer chemotherapy showed marked improvement following this surgery. • This approach complements individualized, multimodal treatment strategies. • Future studies are needed to refine patient selection and confirm long-term efficacy. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN) is a common adverse reaction to many first- and second-line chemotherapy medications, often manifesting as sensory and motor impairment, impacting the patient’s daily activities and quality of life. While pharmacological management remains standard, outcomes in severe cases are frequently unsatisfactory. This report details a 62-year-old male with progressive lower limb numbness and gait disturbance following gastric cancer chemotherapy. After electrophysiological confirmation of peripheral neuropathy, the patient was scheduled to undergo peripheral neurolysis, resulting in significant functional improvement after the operation. This case supports the consideration of surgical intervention for refractory CIPN and underscores the importance of individualized treatment strategies. Diagnosis and treatment are reported.