Silk fibroin scaffolds enriched with mulberry extract: Structure, controlled antioxidant release and fibroblast response for regenerative applications

Nature-inspired biomaterials are attracting growing interest in regenerative medicine. Among them, silk fibroin from Bombyx mori stands out for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Incorporating bioactive compounds can further enhance its biological functionality and regenerative potential. In this study, we developed and characterized silk fibroin sponges enriched with mulberry (Morus alba) extract, the primary food source of silkworms, focusing on process optimization, antioxidant release kinetics, and fibroblast biocompatibility. By analyzing key fabrication parameters, such as protein concentration and freezing temperature, we established correlations between processing conditions and the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the final material. Furthermore, we evaluated the biological performance of these sponges in terms of antioxidant release and fibroblast compatibility, demonstrating their potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. • Silk fibroin sponges enriched with mulberry extract for regenerative use. • Optimized protein concentration and freezing temperature to tune sponge properties. • Studied antioxidant release kinetics from the silk sponges. • Showed fibroblast biocompatibility for tissue engineering applications. • Bioactive silk biomaterials are promising for regenerative medicine.