Integrating sustainability assessments to facilitate decision making in sustainable water management in agriculture

Agricultural production necessitates sustainable practices to ensure long-term and sustained food security. Water is a key ingredient for food production. Ensuring sustainable water management in agriculture is thus essential for global wellbeing. But how do we make sure that our practices are sustainable? A large variety of sustainability assessments abound. Their results may even show conflicting results. In this study, we demonstrate the application of three sustainability assessment methods – Water Footprint Assessment, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment – for the use of a water retainer product on different soil types, crops and growing seasons in a farm in Poland. In addition, we aggregate the results of these assessments through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (PROMETHEE) to facilitate decision making. Our findings suggest that yields of all crops, on all soils in both growing seasons increased. However, yield gain was insufficient in most cases to offset the increased costs of using the water retainer product. The Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis showed that soil type and crops used had a larger effect on rank than the application of the water retainer. Overall, the conclusion from the various methods is to not recommend the use of the water retainer as an efficient water saving technology for the specific case. Our analysis showed the effects on the economic and environmental dimension of sustainability but does not include the social dimension due to the lack of data, leaving an incomplete picture of sustainability. • The aim was to evaluate how sustainability assessments inform decision-making. • WR increased yields across crops and soils, even during 2022’s severe drought. • LCA showed minimal environmental impacts, with reductions in key categories. • CBA revealed that increased yields did not offset WR costs for low-value crops. • Multi-criteria assessments capture broader societal benefits, beyond economic costs.