Spatial-temporal patterns and influencing factors of Urban Low-carbon Resilience from a Comprehensive Green Transformation Perspective in different regions of China

The integration of carbon mitigation objectives with urban resilience building, to develop synergistic pathways that combine climate change Adaptability and mitigation, has emerged as a critical focus in global sustainable development discourse. Employing the entropy weight method, this study measures the Urban Low-carbon Resilience (LCR) of 203 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2023. It then systematically examines the spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of LCR and three subsystems both nationally and across seven geographical regions, utilizing kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis, and spatial Durbin models. The main findings are as follows: (1) The regional evolution of LCR in China shows a trend of differentiation; East China and North China are in the lead, while Northeast China and South China are lagging. For Defensive Resistance, the eastern coastal areas are dominant, and the spatial structure is "scattered". For Recovery Adaptability, the polarization of central cities in each region is prominent. For Transformative Regeneration, a diffusion effect from west to east is formed. (2) The agglomeration of LCR in China also shows a trend of differentiation. The gap in the level of LCR between the western region and the eastern and central regions is getting bigger and bigger. (3) Labor quality and Capital structure are the main factors affecting the LCR and Defensive Resistance in China's seven major geographical regions. Grounded in these findings, the study concludes by proposing region-specific policy strategies for enhancing LCR, offering targeted insights to supplement and refine current urban climate governance frameworks.