Cardiologists’ insights on AI integration in Nigeria’s cardiac healthcare landscape: A qualitative study

Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in cardiology by enhancing diagnostic precision, improving workflow efficiency, and expanding access to care. However, in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, the integration of AI faces unique systemic and contextual challenges. Existing literature is limited in examining healthcare providers’ views in these settings, particularly among specialists like cardiologists. Objectives This study explored the perspectives of Nigerian cardiologists on AI integration in cardiovascular practice, focusing on their awareness, perceived benefits, concerns, trust, and views on regulatory frameworks. Methods A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was employed using semi-structured interviews with 14 purposively sampled cardiologists from diverse healthcare institutions across Nigeria. Data were collected between December 2024 and April 2025. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke’s framework, was used to identify and interpret key patterns in participant responses. NVivo 12 supported data organisation and analysis. Results Five major themes emerged: limited but growing AI awareness; perceived benefits including diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and remote care delivery; significant implementation barriers such as infrastructure, financial constraints, and data privacy concerns; variable levels of trust shaped by knowledge and training; and the need for clearly defined regulatory frameworks. Despite challenges, participants showed cautious optimism about AI adoption in cardiology. Conclusion Nigerian cardiologists recognise AI’s potential to improve cardiovascular care but highlight key contextual barriers. Successful implementation will require coordinated efforts in education, infrastructure, regulation, and culturally adapted technology.