Mechanical-electrical conversion performance of electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid generator for wind energy harvesting

With the widespread application of sensor networks, traditional power supplies face limitations, especially in remote marine areas where battery replacement is challenging and lifespan is limited. As a clean and renewable energy source, wind energy offers a promising solution to this issue. But conventional turbines are bulky, costly, and inefficient at low wind speeds for micro sensors. This study proposes a hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic wind energy harvester (H-TEWH) that integrates an electromagnetic generator (EMG) with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to enable synergistic energy harvesting across varying wind speeds. At 11 m/s, the device achieves a theoretical peak output of 12.08 mW. An efficient power management circuit, combining a gas-discharge-tube-based buck circuit and an LTC3588 module to ensure stable and continuous power output. Self-powered sensor experiments validated the practicality and reliability of the system in complex marine environments, providing a feasible technical solution for self-powered devices suitable for maritime monitoring applications.