Biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of ordered PLA fiber membranes fabricated via electrospinning technology

Peripheral nerve injury remains a major clinical challenge owing to its limited self-regeneration capacity and high risk of postoperative infection. In this study, highly ordered poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber membranes were fabricated via electrospinning and loaded with 2.0% moxifloxacin to achieve the dual functions of axonal guidance and localized antibacterial activity. Morphological characterization revealed uniform fiber diameters, parallel orientation, and interconnected porosity, with favorable mechanical properties and an appropriate hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. In vitro assays demonstrated Schwann cells maintained sustained proliferation on the membrane surface and exhibited pronounced alignment along the fiber orientation. Antibacterial evaluations showed that the moxifloxacin-loaded ordered PLA membranes achieved nearly complete eradication of bacteria within 2 h, with the mechanism closely associated with disruption of bacterial membrane structures and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This work provides a design strategy and experimental basis for multifunctional scaffold materials integrating nerve repair and antibacterial functions.