Development and Validation of a Noninvasive Model of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in Heart Failure

BACKGROUND: estimated noninvasively using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) from the T2 of intracardiac blood pools remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: ]), and establish if it is associated with future adverse events in heart failure. METHODS: was modeled in the discovery cohort (N = 30), who underwent CMR T2 mapping and invasive right heart catheterization, by linear regression. The validation cohort of 628 patients with recently diagnosed heart failure underwent clinical assessment, CMR, and follow-up (median 3 years [IQR: 1.5-4.8]) for a primary endpoint of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization. RESULTS: ; 95% CI: 0.54-0.81; P < 0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NYHA functional class, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: is an independent predictor of mortality and heart failure hospitalization.