Adult Congenital Heart Disease Workforce Challenges in the United States: Current State and Future Needs

The American College of Cardiology, through its Adult Congenital Pediatric Cardiology Council, convened an in-person Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) Workforce Summit on October 6th and 7th, 2024, in Washington, DC. This report reflects perspectives from ACHD cardiologists across the United States, representing academic and private practice settings, diverse training pathways and all career stages. The Summit aimed to examine drivers of ongoing workforce shortages and to identify actionable solutions. Key challenges were grouped into 4 domains: 1) ACHD fellowship training, exposure, and mentorship; 2) defining and sustaining clinical competencies; 3) professional and financial considerations; and 4) equitable access to quality ACHD care. These proceedings are not formal recommendations but highlight the need to address ACHD workforce challenges through earlier exposure, enhanced mentorship, optimized training pathways, and financial realignment to support a sustainable workforce.