Sunite sheep tail fat alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites to activate PPAR signaling pathway

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a topic of great concern, and there are no effective medications to treat it. Previous studies have shown that dietary adjustment may alleviate UC. In this study, a multiomics analysis was used to improve the utilization rate of sunite sheep tail fat (STF) and its role in alleviating UC. The results showed that STF alleviated colon shortening and weight loss in UC mice; reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ; increased the levels of IL-10; and regulated the protein and gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1. Normalization of the intestinal flora, changes in phenylalanine-related metabolites by Bacteroides_H and the activation of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway may be the mechanisms by which UC can be alleviated in mice. Thus, this study promotes sheep byproduct utilization, and STF dietary intervention may offer an alternative for UC treatment. • Sunite sheep tail fat (STF) adjusts unsaturated fatty acid ratios to alleviate UC. • The effect of STF on ulcerative colitis was investigated by multiomics. • Sunite sheep tail fat may ameliorate colitis via PPAR pathway.