Eco-hybrid aluminum composites reinforced with waste-derived Eggshell and Aloe vera for engineering applications

This research evaluates the fabrication and comprehensive analysis of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) reinforced with Aloe Vera Powder (AVP) and Eggshell Powder (ESP) using stir casting process. Three different types of composites i.e., AS1 (base sample), AS2, and AS3 were fabricated varying the composition of AVP keeping the fixed composition of ESP. The samples were undergone for different types of tests to determine the properties of the fabricated composites. From the tensile test, it was observed that the reinforcement greatly improved mechanical properties, with the AS2 composition showing the highest tensile strength of 153.61 MPa, a 28% increase from the base sample. SEM micrographs highlighted optimal reinforcement distribution in AS2, with slight agglomeration and micro-void formation in AS3, consistent with slightly reduced strength. EDX analysis confirmed the presence and successful incorporation of O and C elements from ESP and AVP, respectively. FTIR and XRD spectra demonstrated the retention of functional groups and stable FCC crystal structure with sharpened peaks in the reinforced samples. DTG and DSC studies confirmed improved thermal stability and heat absorption capacity of the hybrid samples, especially AS2. Density measurements exhibited increments with the addition of ESP and efficient particle arrangement. Hardness measurements evaluated significant increases from AS1 to AS3. This work proves that the combined ESP and AVP reinforcement was needed for the production of a low-cost and high-performance eco-friendly composites for engineering applications, wherein optimal filler proportions can be improved mechanical, physical and thermal properties of aluminum composites.