Young children with cystic fibrosis and tracheobronchomalacia have longer and more frequent hospital admissions

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterised by abnormal collapsibility of the trachea and bronchi, often seen in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aims to determine the impact of TBM on hospital admissions in young children with CF. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at a single paediatric tertiary CF centre, examining medical records of children with CF born between January 2009 and June 2019. TBM presence was identified through bronchoscopy records. Hospital admission data, including the number, length and reason for admissions, was collected and analysed. RESULTS: Of 101 children included, 59 had TBM. Children with TBM had significantly more hospital admissions and longer hospital stays compared to those without TBM. The risk of all hospital admissions increased by a factor of 2.00 in the first two years and 1.89 in the first four years of life. Risk of respiratory admissions were also higher, increasing by a factor of 3.06 and 2.17 respectively. The total number of days admitted to hospital for any reason increased by a factor of 2.3 in the first two years and 2.05 in the first four years, with respiratory bed days alone increasing by a factor of 3.14 in the first two years. CONCLUSION: TBM in young children with CF is associated with increased hospital admissions and longer hospital stays, particularly for respiratory issues. These findings highlight the need for proactive management to address the increased healthcare burden in this population, and identifies areas for further research on effective interventions aimed at reducing hospitalisations.