An examination of knowledge, awareness and practices towards breast cancer risk factors and early detection among females in the Fiji Islands

BACKGROUND: This study aims to present a comprehensive examination of breast cancer awareness among women in Fiji. It was prompted by the alarmingly high rates of breast cancer in Fiji and the Pacific Islands. The goal was to enhance our understanding of women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding breast cancer in Fiji. METHODS: To achieve this, we conducted a cross-sectional KAP survey developed using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measures (BCAM) and surveyed over 250 women across Fiji who were aged 20 and above. RESULTS: The survey results revealed an overall low level of awareness concerning breast cancer signs and symptoms. Furthermore, a significant proportion of women had never undergone cancer screening and rarely or never performed breast self-checks. However, despite the infrequency of examinations, most women indicated they would seek medical attention if they detected a lump or noticed any changes in their breasts. Additionally, psychological barriers, including fear, emerged as significant barrier to seeking medical care. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study highlights the pressing need for comprehensive educational programs and public health strategies aimed at addressing the low level of breast cancer awareness and the challenges associated with early detection among Fijian women POLICY SUMMARY: The study's findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health strategies in the Fiji Islands that promote early detection and prevention of breast cancer, which are key to reducing the incidence and mortality rates of the disease.