Topical imiquimod in the management of botulinum toxin-induced upper eyelid ptosis: A case series

JAAD Case Reports 2026 Open access

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Authors: Simona Abou Tayeh, Ribal Merhi, Maria Joy Khachan, Cristelle Obeid, Nakhlé Ayoub
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2026.02.024
Cited by: 0
References: 11

Abstract

Botulinum toxin is an injectable neuromodulator derived from the anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which inhibits acetylcholine release from presynaptic cholinergic neurons. To date, 8 distinct serotypes (A-H) have been identified, with serotypes A and B approved for clinical use. The US FDA first approved it in 1989 for blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and strabismus, followed by approval for cervical dystonia in 2000 and cosmetic treatment of glabellar wrinkles in 2002.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research

Publication details

Journal / source
JAAD Case Reports
Volume
70
Pages
201–205
Publication date
17 February 2026
Language
EN