Plasma-assisted electrospinning of functional nanofibers: Solution and surface nanoengineering for biomedical applications

Electrospun nanofibers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad range of applications, particularly in biomedical applications. Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) treatment has emerged as a versatile tool for tailoring both the properties of polymer solutions before electrospinning and the characteristics of the resulting nanofibers. When applied to polymer solutions, NTP alters essential parameters such as viscosity, ionic conductivity, and surface tension through dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions between plasma ions and solvent or polymer molecules. These interactions facilitate the expansion of polymer coils, thereby improving electrospinnability. As a result, the nanofibers produced exhibit superior morphological, mechanical, and physicochemical properties. NTP treatment enhances the performance of nanofiber surfaces by increasing hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and surface reactivity. Nevertheless, optimizing plasma parameters to achieve reproducible results remains a significant challenge. This article reviews recent advancements in NTP-assisted electrospinning, highlighting its potential to produce functional nanofibers for biomedical applications, including bioactive scaffolds, antimicrobial dressings, and controlled drug-delivery systems. Furthermore, it positions NTP as an influential tool for regenerative medicine and wound healing.