Phytochemical composition and habitat-dependent variations of the invasive Amelanchier × spicata (Lam.) K. Koch fruits in Lithuania

Invasive plants, despite their ecological and economic drawbacks, remain an underutilized source of bioactive phytochemicals with promising applications in functional foods, phytopharmaceuticals, and natural cosmetics. Amelanchier × spicata (Lam.) K. Koch, invasive in parts of Northern, Eastern, and Central Europe, shows potential for sustainable transformation into value-added ingredients. In this study, fresh fruits of A. × spicata contained 78% moisture, and all data are expressed on a dry weight (DW) basis. Glucose (331.66 mg/g DW) was the dominant sugar, while ascorbic acid (371.36 µg/g DW) was the main organic acid, both contributing to the fruit’s nutritional value. Lutein (3.96 µg/g DW), a carotenoid known for antioxidant and eye-protective benefits, was also identified. Using chromatographic techniques, bioactive compounds were characterized, including phenolic acids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins. Major compounds included cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (8494.68 µg/g DW), chlorogenic acid (6281.77 µg/g DW), (-)-epicatechin (926.84 µg/g DW), and hyperoside (812.36 µg/g DW). This quantitatively characterized polyphenol profile, together with high antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, supports the antioxidant potential and functional relevance of A. × spicata fruits. The findings contribute to valorization strategies for invasive species, encouraging their sustainable use in bioresource-based innovations and reducing ecological pressure through productive utilization. • Amelanchier × spicata fruits show potential for sustainable valorization. • Fruits contain glucose and are rich in antioxidants, mainly ascorbic acid. 3 Twenty-six phytochemicals identified, including phenolics and anthocyanins. • Results support eco-friendly valorization of invasive plant resources.