Bioactive molecules from Polygonatum odoratum: Extraction, chemical characterization, and multifunctional properties

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce ( P. odoratum ) has been used in traditional Chinese culture as both a food and a source of medicine for many years, and contains numerous bioactive compounds. This review will address the extraction, chemical characterization, and biological effects of P. odoratum 's four most significant individual constituents (polysaccharides; lectins; steroid saponins; and homoisoflavonoids). These constituents exhibit a variety of bioactivity ranging from strong antioxidant activity, immuno-modulating activity, antiproliferative/apoptotic activity, anti-diabetic activity, and anti-viral activity. This paper supports the potential application of P. odoratum 's individual constituents for creating value-added functional foods that may reduce oxidative stress, alter immune system function, and control metabolic processes. In addition to identifying and discussing issues and perspectives on future clinical use, availability, and “green” processing, this review emphasizes the potential of P. odoratum to serve as a sustainable source of innovative health-promoting products.