Research progress on nutritional characteristics, functions and applications of fermented mare's milk

Mare's milk is characterized by high digestibility, low allergenicity, and a nutritional profile closely resembling human breast milk. Following fermentation, it exhibits multiple health benefits, including immunomodulation, anti-fatigue effects, adjuvant affection of chronic diseases, and alleviation of toxoplasmosis. Consequently, interest in fermented mare's milk is increasing beyond traditional consumption regions. This paper systematically reviews the production methods, core nutritional characteristics, health functions, and industrial applications of fermented mare's milk, providing a theoretical basis for further research and application. • Mare's milk has various functions, such as being easy to digest, low in allergenicity, and regulating immunity. • The attention of horse milk outside traditional consumption areas is increasing day by day. • This paper systematically reviews the production methods, core nutritional characteristics, health functions, and industrial applications of fermented mare's milk. • The findings provided a theoretical basis for further research and application.