Protopanaxatriol enhances mucin expression in intestinal epithelial cells and mice

Background: Mucins are critical components of the intestinal mucus layer that protects the gut epithelium and maintains microbiota balance. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), an active metabolite derived from protopanaxatriol-type saponins, has shown promise in modulating gut health, but its effects on mucin expression remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of PPT on mucin expression in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and in a mouse model. Methods: Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of PPT, and the expression of mucins was assessed via qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In parallel, mice were administered PPT orally, and tissues were collected for mucin quantification. Results: , mice administered with PPT exhibited significantly elevated mucin expression in the colon. In addition, PPT administration also induced mucin expression in both lung and stomach tissues. Conclusion: PPT promoted mucin expression in human intestinal epithelial cells and in the gut of mice, suggesting their potential as natural agents for maintaining gut health and preventing intestinal disorders.