Neuroplasticity and sensory-motor synergy: Implications for hand function and rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Normal hand function relies on a finely tuned interaction between the sensory and motor systems within the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system continuously adapts to changed activity, environmental changes, learning, and injury - a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. The neuroplasticity is a life-long ability and presents opportunities for therapeutic intervention; by directing it, lost or impaired functions can be improved through a process called "guided plasticity". PURPOSE: To give an overview of methods of guided plasticity used in hand rehabilitation STUDY DESIGN/METHOD: Expert review RESULT: This overview highlights the cortical process for neuroplasticity, sensory-motor synergy, and its implications for hand function and rehabilitation. Sensory and motor training should commence as early as possible after an injury due to the rapid cortical changes following input changes - a cortical preparation. CONCLUSION: As research progresses, we can expect further refinements in rehabilitation techniques and neuro engineering, potentially leading to improved outcomes for patients with hand injuries.