Long-term prognosis of sepsis survivors after hospital discharge: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the prevalence and temporal trajectories of long-term prognosis among adult sepsis survivors after hospital discharge. We searched eight Chinese and English databases from their inception through October 30, 2025, and ultimately included 76 studies in the review. Pooled analyses showed that readmission rates increased over time, reaching 44.0% at 1 year. Mortality remained substantial over time, rising from 15.0% at 1 month to 42.3% at 5 years. Cognitive, physical, and psychological impairments related to post-sepsis syndrome persisted for months to years or followed fluctuating recovery trajectories. Health-related quality of life was generally diminished after discharge, with only transient improvement between 6 months and 1 year, and a substantial proportion of survivors experienced persistent limitations in social functioning. These findings suggest that the health impact of sepsis persists long after hospital discharge, warranting sustained follow-up and more individualized post-discharge management strategies.