Crystal plasticity finite-element simulation of one-way and two-way cold rolling in pure iron

Using the crystal plasticity finite-element method, this study quantitatively evaluated the textural evolution and slip activity in pure iron sheets during one-way and two-way cold rolling. A rate-dependent body-centered cubic crystal plasticity model with 24 slip systems ({110}⟨111⟩, {112}⟨111⟩) was implemented in Altair Radioss. Material parameters were calibrated against uniaxial tensile tests along 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the RD using a representative volume element generated using Neper and MTEX and optimized via Altair HyperStudy. Rolling simulations were performed on a 7 × 7 × 1.4 mm 3 polycrystal model under conditions consistent with those used by Ogawa et al., including one-way cold rolling (rolled perpendicular to the as-received rolling direction) and two-way cold rolling (first perpendicular and then along the as-received rolling direction). The calibrated model reproduced the experimental stress–strain curves and orientation distribution function maps. The rolling texture evolution was interpreted based on the time evolution of the ODF maps and orientation trajectories from the rolling and RVE simulations. After rolling, frictional shear induced Goss-like {110}⟨001⟩ orientations in the surface layer, whereas the central layer exhibited pronounced γ-fiber and {001}⟨110⟩ components. Notably, compared with one-way cold rolling, two-way cold rolling activated {110} and {112} slip systems at comparable levels, resulting in a broader {111}⟨112⟩ misorientation distribution and more homogeneous plastic strain.