Bioluminescent diversity and ecotourism potential in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, integrating conservation and sustainable development

The Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station (EEJI), a protected area in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome, harbors remarkable biodiversity, including diverse bioluminescent species. These organisms, which include beetles, fungi, and dinoflagellates, play essential ecological roles and hold significant potential for conservation-driven ecotourism. This study aimed to document the diversity of bioluminescent species at the EEJI and explore opportunities for sustainable tourism. Field surveys conducted across diverse habitats identified species of bioluminescent beetles, fungi, and dinoflagellates. Lampyridae dominated the beetle diversity, displaying ecological adaptability to forest and coastal environments, respectively. However, threats such as habitat degradation and light pollution pose significant risks. Inspired by models from Mexico and Malaysia, this study proposes sustainable management strategies, including guided night tours, light pollution control, and community-based conservation initiatives. By leveraging the ecological and aesthetic value of bioluminescent species, the EEJI can enhance biodiversity conservation, foster environmental education, and generate sustainable income for local communities.