The future of wearable sweat sensors in intensive care units: Toward a new era of noninvasive, continuous real-time monitoring

There is an urgent need for noninvasive, continuous patient monitoring technology in the intensive care unit. As an emerging monitoring tool, wearable sweat sensors can obtain multiple biochemical marker information in real time and noninvasively, and have significant advantages. This article reviews the basic principles of wearable sweat sensors, biomarkers in sweat, and their application prospects in intensive care units, covering their potential in inflammation monitoring, metabolic management, drug monitoring, and so on, and discusses in depth their technical maturity, clinical verification, system integration, and standardization challenges. It was finally pointed out that wearable sweat sensors are expected to promote the transformation of critical care into personalized, predictive, and preventive medicine through integration with digital health systems.